For example, neoplasia is frequently characterized by both global hypomethylation, rendering the genome unstable, and local hypermethylation and repression of tumour suppressor genes needed to fight cancer (You & Jones, 2012).
In diseases such as certain cancers and neuronal disorders, 5mC patterns are often altered. This epigenetic mark is made de novo by the DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B, and is propagated during DNA replication by the maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1 (Denis et al, 2011). Since this initial discovery, the modified base has been identified as 5-methylcytosine (5mC), and a plethora of papers have shown it to play many roles in both normal physiology and disease. Ruppel, who discovered in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, a non-canonical nucleotide that he believed to be a methylated pyrimidine (Ruppel, 1898). DNA methylation was observed more than a century ago by W.
0 kommentar(er)
